Max Stirner e G. W. F. Hegel sobre a “luta pelo reconhecimento” na educação 581 390
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51896/easc.v2i2.712Palavras-chave:
Anarquismo, autoridade, história da educação, Hegel, escravatura, Stirner, filosofia da educação, política educativaResumo
Neste artigo comparo e contrasto o que Max Stirner tem a dizer sobre a filosofia e a política da educação em duas das suas obras, um texto não tão conhecido intitulado The False Principle of Our Education (1842), e o muito mais conhecido O único e a sua propriedade, publicado três anos mais tarde. Em ambas as obras, Stirner aborda criticamente a filosofia de G.W.F. Hegel. No entanto, a relação de Stirner com Hegel é ambivalente. Embora em vários aspectos o seu pensamento seja reconhecidamente hegeliano, ele rejeita Hegel tanto quanto o aceita. Isto é especialmente verdade quando se trata das opiniões de Stirner sobre a educação. Dois aspetos do pensamento de Hegel são relevantes para a compreensão da teoria da educação de Stirner. A primeira é o que Hegel tem a dizer sobre o domínio e a escravidão e a “luta pelo reconhecimento” na sua Fenomenologia do Espírito (1807). A segunda é a teoria da educação que Hegel expõe na sua Filosofia do Espírito, ou no terceiro volume da sua Enciclopédia das Ciências Filosóficas (1817), e que repete quatro anos depois na sua Filosofia do Direito (1821). Hegel não liga estas duas coisas sozinho. Foram pensadores posteriores, entre os quais Max Stirner, que o fizeram. O meu argumento é que, embora as opiniões expressas em ambas as obras de Stirner tenham sido inspiradas numa leitura particular de Hegel, no entanto, em The False Beginning of Our Education, a leitura em questão é muito diferente e superior à de O único e a sua propriedade, porque não é niilista. A teoria da educação exposta em O falso começo da nossa educação é um meio-termo relativamente significativo entre a filosofia de Hegel e as abordagens muito mais críticas da pedagogia que surgiram no século XX, sobretudo nos escritos de Paolo Freire e Ivan Illich.
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